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The Buffalo Gold slot machine is a game for low rollers and mid-stakes players. The coin denominations are 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.10. Players can set the reel cost at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40. This means you can set the bet level from one cent to $4.00. The coin denominations are variable based on the online casino. Different operators can set the levels, though the bet levels above are what you’ll find in most online casinos.
The gameplay, graphics and sound effects of the Buffalo Gold slot machine will be familiar to bettors who’ve enjoyed Buffalo slot machines before. The 2021 version includes enhancements in the animations, though some might not like how the wolf howls when a winning spin happens. In the free spins round, players collect golden buffalo symbols, which turn symbols into the jackpot symbol for the duration of the free games round. Collect enough and you win the Buffalo Gold jackpot.
Unlike the new Buffalo Grand, the Buffalo Gold slot machine variation uses a conventional setup of four rows and five reels. It uses the all-ways system, which pays for consecutive symbols from the left-hand side, regardless of their position. Bet increments are 60 cents. Each casino operator sets the Buffalo Gold slot machine’s max bet according to their whims, although a real money high limit of around $3 is the norm.Bonuses & Game Features
As mentioned before, each casino decides the max bet, with a max bet of between $3 and $3.60 the usual top range. For those wanting to practice the Buffalo Gold slot machine before playing for real money, a free slots version is also available. The free version of Buffalo Gold Slots contains all the wild multipliers, free games, machine bonus videos and jackpots of its real money counterpart.
The golden buffalo symbols are large and impossible to miss. Once you collect them, the symbol turns into a regular buffalo – which triggers wins as usual. When you collect three, four or five gold buffalo coins, you win eight, 12 and 20 free spins respectively.
To win big, you’ll need re-triggers, but that’s a possibility with the Buffalo Gold slot machine. When you hit two or more gold coins, the two coins re-trigger five extra spins.
*Buffalo Gold Slot Machine Symbols: Reel Symbols: Buffalo (Scatter), Bald Eagle, Big Cat, Elk, Sunset (Wild), Wolf, Coin, Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Ten.Bonus Feature: Stacked Wild Symbols
The symbols on the Buffalo Gold slot machine are stacked, though not overly so. Stacked wilds mean you’ll trigger multiple win lines at the same time. With the help of wild symbols (which show the iconic sunrise over a mountain), you find bigger wins come because the stacked wilds cover up several icons on the Buffalo Gold slot machine.Bonus Feature: Golden Buffalo Symbol
The Buffalo Gold icon is the best-paying symbol on the Buffalo Gold slot machine. When a win happens, an animated buffalo appears on the screen to charge you, complete with a dust trail. If you hit several five-of-a-kind buffaloes, it activates the famous Aristocrat coin fountain effect. At that point, you’ll hear the ‘big win’ tune.
Like on the original Buffalo slots game, the wild symbols on the Buffalo Gold slot machine act as multipliers during the machine bonus game. Each time one or more is involved in a win, it gets 2x or 3x wild multipliers (together with an eagle screech sound effect). This makes a big difference to your prizes. Players want to combine multiple buffalo symbols with two or more wild multipliers.Bonus Feature: Scatter Symbols
The scatter symbols are gold coins. These have two main roles. First, they are scatter symbols, which will pay a multiple of your total spin amount for 3+. Second, they trigger the free games. When you receive multiple scatters on the Buffalo Gold slot machine, you’ll get eight free spins for three coins, 12 free spins for four coins, and the maximum 20 free spins for five coins.
Other winning symbols on the Buffalo Gold slot machine include examples of wildlife like eagles, mountain lions, wolves and elks. Playing card symbols in bold primary colors make up the smaller wins. Most symbols require 3+ from the left to trigger a win, though there are some smaller two-of-a-kind wins.Bonus Feature: Progressive Free Spin Bonus Game
When the free spins bonus game hits on the Buffalo Gold slot machine, you’ll hear a ringing bell and a song. You will then see an area set up to count the number of golden buffalo symbols you select. Once you get 4+ of these, the eagle symbols will all turn into buffalo. Another eight turns the lions into buffalo, with the wolves and elks following on.Bonus Feature: Buffalo Gold Meter
Any time a buffalo symbol appears on the Buffalo Gold slot machine, it adds to the Buffalo Gold Meter. Collect four buffaloes to change all eagle icons (or wolf icons) to buffalo icons – whichever helps you win more cash. Once a gold buffalo appears, it changes to the buffalo symbol for all remaining free games.What is NfSen?
NfSen is a graphical web based front end for the nfdumpnetflow tools.
NfSen allows you to:
*
Display your netflow data: Flows, Packets and Bytes using RRD (Round Robin Database).
*
Easily navigate through the netflow data.
*
Process the netflow data within the specified time span.
*
Create history as well as continuous profiles.
*
Set alerts, based on various conditions.
*
Write your own plugins to process netflow data on a regular interval.
Different tasks need differentinterfaces to your netflow data. NfSen allows you to keep all theconvenient advantages of the command line using nfdump directly andgives you also a graphical overview over your netflow data.
NfSenis available at sourceforgeand distributed under the BSDlicense.
Versions:
Stable: 1.3.6 for use with nfdump Dec 31, 20111.6.5.
Snapshots: May be provided betweenstable releases and are published as snapshot-yyyymmdd
This documentation refers toversion 1.3.2
Note: All IP addresses in this documentare anonymized. Any coincidence with real IP addresses is by purechance.
NfSen is hosted by Sourceforge:Table of Content
*
NfSen - Netflow SensorNfSen - General Overview PageNfSen – Navigation PageNfSen - Navigation PageNfSen - Netflow Processing outputNfSen - Profile InfoNfSen - Alerting
Prerequisites:
*
PHP and Perl:
NfSen is written in PHP and Perl and should run on any *NIX system.
At least Perl 5.6.0 and PHP > 4.1 is required including the Socket and Perl regex extension.
*
Perl Modules:
NfSen alerting requires the following Perl Modules:
Mail::Header, Mail::Internet
*
RRD tools
All netflow graphs in NfSen require RRD. At least the RRDs Perl Module is required.
You will find all about RRD here.
*
Nfdump tools
The nfdump tools are the backend tools for NfSen and will collect and process the netflow data.
Make sure, that you have version 1.5.8 installed. Don’t try any version < 1.5.5, or the profiles will not work.
You can download nfdump from sourceforge nfdump.sourceforge.net.First Installation
NfSen has a very flexible directorylayout. To simplify the first time installation, a default configfile is provided, which requires only little changes to work. Thedefault layout stores everything but the html pages under BASEDIR.However, you may configure NfSen to fit your local needs. The figurebelow shows the default layout with most configurabledirectories.
All netflow data is stored under PROFILEDATADIR. Somake sure you have enough disk space for this directory. You may alsomount a dedicated disk volume to PROFILEDATADIR.
Directory Structure
If you have installed allprerequisites, change to the etc directory and copy the NfSentemplate config file nfsen-dist.conf tonfsen.conf.
Edit nfsen.conf according your needs.
When you are done with nfsen.conf, run the install.pl script inthe NfSen distribution directory:
Running install.pl will:
*
Create the NfSen environment under BASEDIR
*
Copy the php/html files into the HTMLDIR
*
Create the live profile.
*
Prepares the RRD DBs for the live profile.
*
Creates and configures config.php
After the installation, you will find the nfsen.conf file inCONFDIR. This documentation, is installed in DOCDIR. However. the webpage has no direct link to the documentation.UpgradingNfSen
The installer supports upgrading from NfSen version 1.2.x.Upgrading from NfSen versions < 1.2 will not wok. You will firstneed to upgrade these installations to 1.2.4 and then to 1.3.x.
To upgrade your current NfSen installation:
*
Stop old nfsen, due to nfprofile incompatibilities.
./nfsen.rc stop
*
Upgrade nfdump to stable 1.5.6. Do not forget to configure nfdump with --enable-nfprofile option.
This update is required!
*
Upgrade NfSen:
./install.pl <path/to/your/nfsen/etc/nfsen.conf>
*
This will update your current NfSen installation. and you’re done.
Note:
As of snapshot20060325, NfSen changed the RRD DB layout to enable ’on the fly’add/delete of netflow sources. This requires to convert all RRD DBsfrom all profiles from old style to new style layout. This is doneautomatically at installation time but will take some time tocomplete. Do *NOT* interrupt the conversion process at anytime or your nfsen installation will be corrupted. Once you upgradedyou can not downgrade NfSen to an older version.
*
If you have plugins installed, check the README.plugins file for some small changes required to be for each plugin. If you have PortTracker installed, you need to update to the PortTracker version included in the contrib directory, coming with NfSen. You need not to rebuild your current db files, just rebuild nftrack and replace the plugin files. See the INSTALL file.
*
Start NfSen:
BINDIR/nfsen startAdding/Removing Netflow Sources inNfSen
Each channel in NfSen has a collector associated. Thereforeadditional parameters are required for each channel. All thesesettings are stored in the config file nfsen.conf. Toadd/remove netflow sources edit the nfsen.conf file. Make appropriatechanges such as adding/deleting entries in the %sources hash.When done, run ./nfsen reconfig on the command line. This willcreate or delete the channels as well as stop/start the collectors asnecessary. Note: If you make some changes on existing channels in the%sources hash, this does not require to reconfig NfSen. Simply stopand start NfSen. Start-Stop NfSen
The nfsen command inBINDIR is also used to start and stop NfSen. You may create asoft link from your appropriate rc.d directory to this file., orinclude this command into the BSD style rc.local file.
Tostart NfSen:
This starts all nfcapd processes to collect the netflow data and thenfsend background process to update your profiles, as new databecomes available. Point your web browser to nfsen.php. ( Typicallyhttp://yourserver/nfsen/nfsen.php ).
To stop NfSen:
The background task nfsend as well as nfcapd log to syslog.nfsend is very chatty, when configuring syslog priority ’info’or less. You may want to set the syslog priority to ’warning’ fornormal operation. For debugging purpose, use ’info’ or ’debug’.
NfSen has two different user interfaces:
*
Web Interface
*
Command line interface
Most of the time you will want to use the web interface. However,you can almost do everything from the command line as well. Thecommand line interface is described in more details later in thisdocument.Tab Navigation
TabNavigation
The navigator bar allows you to select the different views.The default view is Home, when you point your browser tonfsen.php. It shows an overview of the currently selected profile. Bydefault, this is the live profile. The three columns show the’Flows’, ’Packets’ and ’Bytes’history.
If the currently selected profile is a continuousprofile, the page is automatically refreshed every 5 minutes toupdate the graphs. This allows you to have a browser window on yourscreen, with always up to date graphs. The Graphs tab adds asub navigator bar, where you see again the ’Flows’,’Packets’ and ’Bytes’ graphs but biggerin size. When clicking on one of the graphs in either view, you willbe automatically switch to the ’Details’ view forfurther investigation processing.Flow Navigation
Detailed navigation and investigation of the netflow data is donein the ’Details’ view. When entering this view, youwill see the navigation display.
NavigationDisplay
NetflowProcessing ControlsThe page is divided into twoparts: The upper part allows you to navigate through the netflow dataas well as selecting a single time slot or time window. The lowerpart contains all the controls to process the netflow data of theselected time slot or time window.
Clicking on any of the small protocolor type graphs will replace the main graphics with the selectedgraph. You can switch back and forth and select the protocol and/ortype for the main graph, which is appropriate for investigating yourcurrent situation. The bigger main graph is automatically split intothe protocols ’TCP’, ’UDP’, ’ICMP’ and ’other’, which is ’not (prototcp or proto udp or proto icmp)’, whenever you switch the type. To’flows’, ’packets’ or ’bytes’.
Theavailable time span of the graph can be changed using the pull downmenu, just below the main graph:
SelectTime SpanSelecting a differenttime slotA time slot starts at every 5 minutes cycle of the hour( 0, 5, 10, 15 etc. ) and lasts 5 minutes. On the other side a timewindow consists of several time slots. When entering the ’Details’view a window scale of one days is selected so you will see thelast 24 hours of the profile. The time cursor is placed in the middleof the begin and end of these 24 hours and the time window slot isset to one time slot. You will see the selected time slot or timewindow always in the title of the browser window, in the title of themain graph as well as above the small type graphs in the upper rightsection of the main graph. There are several ways to change thecurrent time slot.
*The most easiest one is by simply clicking into the graph at the appropriate time slot. This immediately move the cursor to the selected position.
*You may also very easily dragging the handle of the cursor to the select time slot within the selected time span.
Fig.Drag Handle to move time slotWhile moving the handle,the current selected time slot is automatically updated in tstartand tend on the right hand side of the graph. Whenreleasing the handle, the cursor automatically snaps to the nearesttime slot and the values in the statistics table are updatedaccordingly.Other ways selecting a different time slot using the control buttons below the main graph:
*Using the time cursor controls:
>
Next time slot: Advance time by 5 minutes.
<
Previous time slot: Go back 5 minutes.
>>
Advance time slot by a full time span of the graph.
<<
Go back by a full time span of the graph.
>|
Go to the end of the profile. ( current time slot )
|
Center time cursor in current graph.
^
Place cursor at the peak, found within +/- 1 hour time-span of current cursor position.
The graphs are immediately updated, when selecting a different time slot. However, there are limits for moving the cursor. The cursor can not be moved outside the visible part of the graph on the left or right hand side. You may also not move the cursor outside a time slot where data has expired and no data is available for processing. This limit is marked by the dark grey area on the left hand side of the graph.
Fig.Border of available DataSelecting a time window
Sometimes it is desirable to select and process more than a single5 min time slot. From the menu below the main graph select ’TimeWindow’
Fig.Select time windowThis splits the cursor handle into two halves, whichcan be dragged individually as needed. Drag the left and/or rightborder of the selected window as needed.
Selected Time WindowThe statistics summary isautomatic updated, when releasing either handle, when moving. Toswitch back to a single time slot, select ’Single Timeslot’ fromthe menu.Statistic Summary
The statistic summary below the maingraph gives you an overview about flows, packetsand traffic of the selected time slot or time window.Each line corresponds to one configured netflow source in profile’live’ or to a configured channel in any other profile. Foreasy visual matching a small colour field with the same colour as inthe the graph prepends each row. If you are interested in only someof the channels, you may remove the others by clicking thecheckboxes. This disables or enables this channel in all graphs andin the statistics respectively.
The statistic summary can be switchedbetween the total sum of the selected time window, or the rate valuesper second. The scaling factors for K, M and G are 1000.
Fig.Summary StatisticsIndividual columns can becollapsed or expended as needed, by clicking on the blue triangles.The entire statistics can be shown or hidden by clicking on theyellow triangle. When collapsing a column, a single column remainswith the type, which is shown in the main graph.
Fig.Expand/Collapse stat
Disabledsources ’upstream’ and ’gateway’
Enabling or disabling channels re-scales the graphsaccording the remaining sources, you get a more detailed graph and adifferent resolution on the y-axis.Graph Display Options
To view the details your are interested in, a graph may bedisplayed with different options:
*
Scale:
*
Linear y-axis
*
Logarithmic y-axis.
*
Graph Type:
*
Stacked: All sources are drawn on top of each other.
*
Line: All sources are drawn independent.
You may switch at any time the display option by clicking on theappropriate radio buttons in the lower right corner of the maingraph. You may spot more easily peaks in some of the sources byswitching to the line graph display option.
Fig.Line graphNetflow Processing
Once you have selected the time windowof interest, you can process and filter the netflow data accordingyour needs, using the process form in the lower part of the window:
*
Select the netflow sources to process. You may select multiple sources.
*
Enter a netflow filter. The syntax conforms to the nfdump filt
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*Max Slot Wins
*Max Slots Botw
*Slot Machines For Sale
*Max Slots On Pants Cyberpunk
The Buffalo Gold slot machine is a game for low rollers and mid-stakes players. The coin denominations are 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.10. Players can set the reel cost at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40. This means you can set the bet level from one cent to $4.00. The coin denominations are variable based on the online casino. Different operators can set the levels, though the bet levels above are what you’ll find in most online casinos.
The gameplay, graphics and sound effects of the Buffalo Gold slot machine will be familiar to bettors who’ve enjoyed Buffalo slot machines before. The 2021 version includes enhancements in the animations, though some might not like how the wolf howls when a winning spin happens. In the free spins round, players collect golden buffalo symbols, which turn symbols into the jackpot symbol for the duration of the free games round. Collect enough and you win the Buffalo Gold jackpot.
Unlike the new Buffalo Grand, the Buffalo Gold slot machine variation uses a conventional setup of four rows and five reels. It uses the all-ways system, which pays for consecutive symbols from the left-hand side, regardless of their position. Bet increments are 60 cents. Each casino operator sets the Buffalo Gold slot machine’s max bet according to their whims, although a real money high limit of around $3 is the norm.Bonuses & Game Features
As mentioned before, each casino decides the max bet, with a max bet of between $3 and $3.60 the usual top range. For those wanting to practice the Buffalo Gold slot machine before playing for real money, a free slots version is also available. The free version of Buffalo Gold Slots contains all the wild multipliers, free games, machine bonus videos and jackpots of its real money counterpart.
The golden buffalo symbols are large and impossible to miss. Once you collect them, the symbol turns into a regular buffalo – which triggers wins as usual. When you collect three, four or five gold buffalo coins, you win eight, 12 and 20 free spins respectively.
To win big, you’ll need re-triggers, but that’s a possibility with the Buffalo Gold slot machine. When you hit two or more gold coins, the two coins re-trigger five extra spins.
*Buffalo Gold Slot Machine Symbols: Reel Symbols: Buffalo (Scatter), Bald Eagle, Big Cat, Elk, Sunset (Wild), Wolf, Coin, Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Ten.Bonus Feature: Stacked Wild Symbols
The symbols on the Buffalo Gold slot machine are stacked, though not overly so. Stacked wilds mean you’ll trigger multiple win lines at the same time. With the help of wild symbols (which show the iconic sunrise over a mountain), you find bigger wins come because the stacked wilds cover up several icons on the Buffalo Gold slot machine.Bonus Feature: Golden Buffalo Symbol
The Buffalo Gold icon is the best-paying symbol on the Buffalo Gold slot machine. When a win happens, an animated buffalo appears on the screen to charge you, complete with a dust trail. If you hit several five-of-a-kind buffaloes, it activates the famous Aristocrat coin fountain effect. At that point, you’ll hear the ‘big win’ tune.
Like on the original Buffalo slots game, the wild symbols on the Buffalo Gold slot machine act as multipliers during the machine bonus game. Each time one or more is involved in a win, it gets 2x or 3x wild multipliers (together with an eagle screech sound effect). This makes a big difference to your prizes. Players want to combine multiple buffalo symbols with two or more wild multipliers.Bonus Feature: Scatter Symbols
The scatter symbols are gold coins. These have two main roles. First, they are scatter symbols, which will pay a multiple of your total spin amount for 3+. Second, they trigger the free games. When you receive multiple scatters on the Buffalo Gold slot machine, you’ll get eight free spins for three coins, 12 free spins for four coins, and the maximum 20 free spins for five coins.
Other winning symbols on the Buffalo Gold slot machine include examples of wildlife like eagles, mountain lions, wolves and elks. Playing card symbols in bold primary colors make up the smaller wins. Most symbols require 3+ from the left to trigger a win, though there are some smaller two-of-a-kind wins.Bonus Feature: Progressive Free Spin Bonus Game
When the free spins bonus game hits on the Buffalo Gold slot machine, you’ll hear a ringing bell and a song. You will then see an area set up to count the number of golden buffalo symbols you select. Once you get 4+ of these, the eagle symbols will all turn into buffalo. Another eight turns the lions into buffalo, with the wolves and elks following on.Bonus Feature: Buffalo Gold Meter
Any time a buffalo symbol appears on the Buffalo Gold slot machine, it adds to the Buffalo Gold Meter. Collect four buffaloes to change all eagle icons (or wolf icons) to buffalo icons – whichever helps you win more cash. Once a gold buffalo appears, it changes to the buffalo symbol for all remaining free games.What is NfSen?
NfSen is a graphical web based front end for the nfdumpnetflow tools.
NfSen allows you to:
*
Display your netflow data: Flows, Packets and Bytes using RRD (Round Robin Database).
*
Easily navigate through the netflow data.
*
Process the netflow data within the specified time span.
*
Create history as well as continuous profiles.
*
Set alerts, based on various conditions.
*
Write your own plugins to process netflow data on a regular interval.
Different tasks need differentinterfaces to your netflow data. NfSen allows you to keep all theconvenient advantages of the command line using nfdump directly andgives you also a graphical overview over your netflow data.
NfSenis available at sourceforgeand distributed under the BSDlicense.
Versions:
Stable: 1.3.6 for use with nfdump Dec 31, 20111.6.5.
Snapshots: May be provided betweenstable releases and are published as snapshot-yyyymmdd
This documentation refers toversion 1.3.2
Note: All IP addresses in this documentare anonymized. Any coincidence with real IP addresses is by purechance.
NfSen is hosted by Sourceforge:Table of Content
*
NfSen - Netflow SensorNfSen - General Overview PageNfSen – Navigation PageNfSen - Navigation PageNfSen - Netflow Processing outputNfSen - Profile InfoNfSen - Alerting
Prerequisites:
*
PHP and Perl:
NfSen is written in PHP and Perl and should run on any *NIX system.
At least Perl 5.6.0 and PHP > 4.1 is required including the Socket and Perl regex extension.
*
Perl Modules:
NfSen alerting requires the following Perl Modules:
Mail::Header, Mail::Internet
*
RRD tools
All netflow graphs in NfSen require RRD. At least the RRDs Perl Module is required.
You will find all about RRD here.
*
Nfdump tools
The nfdump tools are the backend tools for NfSen and will collect and process the netflow data.
Make sure, that you have version 1.5.8 installed. Don’t try any version < 1.5.5, or the profiles will not work.
You can download nfdump from sourceforge nfdump.sourceforge.net.First Installation
NfSen has a very flexible directorylayout. To simplify the first time installation, a default configfile is provided, which requires only little changes to work. Thedefault layout stores everything but the html pages under BASEDIR.However, you may configure NfSen to fit your local needs. The figurebelow shows the default layout with most configurabledirectories.
All netflow data is stored under PROFILEDATADIR. Somake sure you have enough disk space for this directory. You may alsomount a dedicated disk volume to PROFILEDATADIR.
Directory Structure
If you have installed allprerequisites, change to the etc directory and copy the NfSentemplate config file nfsen-dist.conf tonfsen.conf.
Edit nfsen.conf according your needs.
When you are done with nfsen.conf, run the install.pl script inthe NfSen distribution directory:
Running install.pl will:
*
Create the NfSen environment under BASEDIR
*
Copy the php/html files into the HTMLDIR
*
Create the live profile.
*
Prepares the RRD DBs for the live profile.
*
Creates and configures config.php
After the installation, you will find the nfsen.conf file inCONFDIR. This documentation, is installed in DOCDIR. However. the webpage has no direct link to the documentation.UpgradingNfSen
The installer supports upgrading from NfSen version 1.2.x.Upgrading from NfSen versions < 1.2 will not wok. You will firstneed to upgrade these installations to 1.2.4 and then to 1.3.x.
To upgrade your current NfSen installation:
*
Stop old nfsen, due to nfprofile incompatibilities.
./nfsen.rc stop
*
Upgrade nfdump to stable 1.5.6. Do not forget to configure nfdump with --enable-nfprofile option.
This update is required!
*
Upgrade NfSen:
./install.pl <path/to/your/nfsen/etc/nfsen.conf>
*
This will update your current NfSen installation. and you’re done.
Note:
As of snapshot20060325, NfSen changed the RRD DB layout to enable ’on the fly’add/delete of netflow sources. This requires to convert all RRD DBsfrom all profiles from old style to new style layout. This is doneautomatically at installation time but will take some time tocomplete. Do *NOT* interrupt the conversion process at anytime or your nfsen installation will be corrupted. Once you upgradedyou can not downgrade NfSen to an older version.
*
If you have plugins installed, check the README.plugins file for some small changes required to be for each plugin. If you have PortTracker installed, you need to update to the PortTracker version included in the contrib directory, coming with NfSen. You need not to rebuild your current db files, just rebuild nftrack and replace the plugin files. See the INSTALL file.
*
Start NfSen:
BINDIR/nfsen startAdding/Removing Netflow Sources inNfSen
Each channel in NfSen has a collector associated. Thereforeadditional parameters are required for each channel. All thesesettings are stored in the config file nfsen.conf. Toadd/remove netflow sources edit the nfsen.conf file. Make appropriatechanges such as adding/deleting entries in the %sources hash.When done, run ./nfsen reconfig on the command line. This willcreate or delete the channels as well as stop/start the collectors asnecessary. Note: If you make some changes on existing channels in the%sources hash, this does not require to reconfig NfSen. Simply stopand start NfSen. Start-Stop NfSen
The nfsen command inBINDIR is also used to start and stop NfSen. You may create asoft link from your appropriate rc.d directory to this file., orinclude this command into the BSD style rc.local file.
Tostart NfSen:
This starts all nfcapd processes to collect the netflow data and thenfsend background process to update your profiles, as new databecomes available. Point your web browser to nfsen.php. ( Typicallyhttp://yourserver/nfsen/nfsen.php ).
To stop NfSen:
The background task nfsend as well as nfcapd log to syslog.nfsend is very chatty, when configuring syslog priority ’info’or less. You may want to set the syslog priority to ’warning’ fornormal operation. For debugging purpose, use ’info’ or ’debug’.
NfSen has two different user interfaces:
*
Web Interface
*
Command line interface
Most of the time you will want to use the web interface. However,you can almost do everything from the command line as well. Thecommand line interface is described in more details later in thisdocument.Tab Navigation
TabNavigation
The navigator bar allows you to select the different views.The default view is Home, when you point your browser tonfsen.php. It shows an overview of the currently selected profile. Bydefault, this is the live profile. The three columns show the’Flows’, ’Packets’ and ’Bytes’history.
If the currently selected profile is a continuousprofile, the page is automatically refreshed every 5 minutes toupdate the graphs. This allows you to have a browser window on yourscreen, with always up to date graphs. The Graphs tab adds asub navigator bar, where you see again the ’Flows’,’Packets’ and ’Bytes’ graphs but biggerin size. When clicking on one of the graphs in either view, you willbe automatically switch to the ’Details’ view forfurther investigation processing.Flow Navigation
Detailed navigation and investigation of the netflow data is donein the ’Details’ view. When entering this view, youwill see the navigation display.
NavigationDisplay
NetflowProcessing ControlsThe page is divided into twoparts: The upper part allows you to navigate through the netflow dataas well as selecting a single time slot or time window. The lowerpart contains all the controls to process the netflow data of theselected time slot or time window.
Clicking on any of the small protocolor type graphs will replace the main graphics with the selectedgraph. You can switch back and forth and select the protocol and/ortype for the main graph, which is appropriate for investigating yourcurrent situation. The bigger main graph is automatically split intothe protocols ’TCP’, ’UDP’, ’ICMP’ and ’other’, which is ’not (prototcp or proto udp or proto icmp)’, whenever you switch the type. To’flows’, ’packets’ or ’bytes’.
Theavailable time span of the graph can be changed using the pull downmenu, just below the main graph:
SelectTime SpanSelecting a differenttime slotA time slot starts at every 5 minutes cycle of the hour( 0, 5, 10, 15 etc. ) and lasts 5 minutes. On the other side a timewindow consists of several time slots. When entering the ’Details’view a window scale of one days is selected so you will see thelast 24 hours of the profile. The time cursor is placed in the middleof the begin and end of these 24 hours and the time window slot isset to one time slot. You will see the selected time slot or timewindow always in the title of the browser window, in the title of themain graph as well as above the small type graphs in the upper rightsection of the main graph. There are several ways to change thecurrent time slot.
*The most easiest one is by simply clicking into the graph at the appropriate time slot. This immediately move the cursor to the selected position.
*You may also very easily dragging the handle of the cursor to the select time slot within the selected time span.
Fig.Drag Handle to move time slotWhile moving the handle,the current selected time slot is automatically updated in tstartand tend on the right hand side of the graph. Whenreleasing the handle, the cursor automatically snaps to the nearesttime slot and the values in the statistics table are updatedaccordingly.Other ways selecting a different time slot using the control buttons below the main graph:
*Using the time cursor controls:
>
Next time slot: Advance time by 5 minutes.
<
Previous time slot: Go back 5 minutes.
>>
Advance time slot by a full time span of the graph.
<<
Go back by a full time span of the graph.
>|
Go to the end of the profile. ( current time slot )
|
Center time cursor in current graph.
^
Place cursor at the peak, found within +/- 1 hour time-span of current cursor position.
The graphs are immediately updated, when selecting a different time slot. However, there are limits for moving the cursor. The cursor can not be moved outside the visible part of the graph on the left or right hand side. You may also not move the cursor outside a time slot where data has expired and no data is available for processing. This limit is marked by the dark grey area on the left hand side of the graph.
Fig.Border of available DataSelecting a time window
Sometimes it is desirable to select and process more than a single5 min time slot. From the menu below the main graph select ’TimeWindow’
Fig.Select time windowThis splits the cursor handle into two halves, whichcan be dragged individually as needed. Drag the left and/or rightborder of the selected window as needed.
Selected Time WindowThe statistics summary isautomatic updated, when releasing either handle, when moving. Toswitch back to a single time slot, select ’Single Timeslot’ fromthe menu.Statistic Summary
The statistic summary below the maingraph gives you an overview about flows, packetsand traffic of the selected time slot or time window.Each line corresponds to one configured netflow source in profile’live’ or to a configured channel in any other profile. Foreasy visual matching a small colour field with the same colour as inthe the graph prepends each row. If you are interested in only someof the channels, you may remove the others by clicking thecheckboxes. This disables or enables this channel in all graphs andin the statistics respectively.
The statistic summary can be switchedbetween the total sum of the selected time window, or the rate valuesper second. The scaling factors for K, M and G are 1000.
Fig.Summary StatisticsIndividual columns can becollapsed or expended as needed, by clicking on the blue triangles.The entire statistics can be shown or hidden by clicking on theyellow triangle. When collapsing a column, a single column remainswith the type, which is shown in the main graph.
Fig.Expand/Collapse stat
Disabledsources ’upstream’ and ’gateway’
Enabling or disabling channels re-scales the graphsaccording the remaining sources, you get a more detailed graph and adifferent resolution on the y-axis.Graph Display Options
To view the details your are interested in, a graph may bedisplayed with different options:
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Scale:
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Linear y-axis
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Logarithmic y-axis.
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Graph Type:
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Stacked: All sources are drawn on top of each other.
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Line: All sources are drawn independent.
You may switch at any time the display option by clicking on theappropriate radio buttons in the lower right corner of the maingraph. You may spot more easily peaks in some of the sources byswitching to the line graph display option.
Fig.Line graphNetflow Processing
Once you have selected the time windowof interest, you can process and filter the netflow data accordingyour needs, using the process form in the lower part of the window:
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Select the netflow sources to process. You may select multiple sources.
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Enter a netflow filter. The syntax conforms to the nfdump filt
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